Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS) can arise de novo or after treatment for other cancers, as a result of ineffective or dysfunctional bone marrow.

Certain types of blood cells may not be produced effectively or mature correctly, leading to an overgrowth of cells that are unable to perform their function.

FISH testing can help with diagnosis by understanding the severity of genetic changes that may have occurred, as well as monitor disease progression by tracking recurrent abnormality levels throughout treatment and relapse.